by Lindy Cummings, Research Historian, Tryon Palace
Much like our Christmas today, the 18th century had a core set of traditions, but people added their own unique flavors, predominantly influenced by England. It was a time to unwind after the demanding agricultural season, and its roots stretched back to ancient pagan festivities. Christmas was rowdier for the working class, focusing on feasts and merrymaking, lubricated by a generous amount of spirits.
Christmas in the 18th century kicked off on Christmas Day and culminated on Twelfth Night, January 6. Observances included attending church services, grand balls, and suppers, sharing Christmas morning beverages. For enslaved people, Christmas was a rare period of freedom from constant labor, giving them time to enjoy modest festivities.
Gift-giving, which is central to our Christmas today, was not as widespread in the 18th century. Gifts were often given from superiors to subordinates, almost like end-of-year bonuses for services rendered. While in London in 1763, Benjamin Franklin noted giving out small gifts to clerks—and chided his daughter for spending too long attending “Christmas Gambols” (dancing and festivities) with friends.
The feast was at the heart of the celebration, with dishes like Christmas pudding and pies making appearances. Holiday greetings and decorations were familiar, with Christmas trees gaining popularity in the 19th century. Decorations often included evergreens, carrying forward traditions from pagan religions.
When you visit Tryon Palace this holiday season, you’ll encounter a wide variety of decorating styles between the historic houses, none purely from the period, but in spirit of a shared tradition that unites past and present during the holiday season.